Journal: Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

Article Title: Differences and similarities in cortical bone of the femur between donors with and without type 2 diabetes

doi: 10.1093/jbmr/zjaf173

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of methods to assess bone properties of cadaveric femurs at different length scales. The midpoint of fresh-frozen, cadaveric femurs was measured and used to identify a 70 mm section of the proximal mid-diaphysis (A). The proximal femur was then separated from the distal portion at the midpoint using a low-speed diamond tipped wafer saw (B) and subjected to DXA scans (C). A cross-section with a length ( L ) of ~70 mm was isolated from the proximal femur (D) and scanned using micro-computed tomography (μCT) (E). Cyclic reference point indentation (cRPI) and impact micro-indentation (IMI) were done along parallel tracks on the medial surface of the mid-diaphysis using a BioDent and an OsteoProbe instrument, respectively (F). Following these indentation procedures, testing coupons were machined out of the medial quadrant (G) for tensile and fracture toughness testing (H). Specimens underwent high-resolution μCT to identify any sample variation prior to mechanical testing (I). Following tensile and fracture toughness testing ( J ), specimens were cut from SENB for hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT) testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) plus fluorescent AGEs, and proton NMR ( 1 H NMR) relaxometry (K).

Article Snippet: A DXA scan of the hip (length of 15.3 cm) was performed using a Horizon W (Hologic, Inc.): X-ray Mode 3, 140/100 kVp, 10 mA, and 31 s exposure time.

Techniques: Isolation, Micro-CT, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Proton NMR